Added the following images, quite a bit different in character, to the 17th Century (first half) and 19th Century (2nd half) timelines, respectively. The similarity, of course, is that they both include a trombone.

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c. 1610—Antwerp, Belgium: Hendrick van Balen’s painting, The Banquet of the Gods, includes a trombone resting on the ground among several other instruments (see bottom right of facing detail; public domain image). For other paintings by the same artist that include trombone, see c. 1615 and c. 1625.

1858—London, England: An illustration of the band of the French National Guard published in London’s Illustrated Times includes trombone (see facing image; public domain).