1834—New York

At Niblo’s Pleasure Garden, William Niblo stages a competition between valve trumpeter Alessandro Gambati and the slide trumpeter John Norton. Scuffles break out in the crowd of three to four thousand, so trombonist Felippe Cioffi comes to the front, marches through the center of the gathering playing “Hail Columbia,” and most of the crow follows him out (Wills, Orchestra 163).