c. 1520—Rome, Italy

Polidoro da Caravaggio (the less-famous Caravaggio, sometimes known as Polidoro Caldara) paints Apollo with the Muses, which includes a depiction of one of the muses playing trombone (see 1st two images, below; public domain) (Fürst Liechtenstein Museum, Vienna, Inv. GE207). A second panel of the painting also depicts a trombone, this one leaning against an organ (see 3rd and 4th images, below; public domain). The panels are part of a chest or case. Both images are reproduced in Paul Schubring, Cassoni (Leipzig, 1915, Pl. 847 and 846). Click images to expand.