1612—Germany

Various engravings from Wolfgang Kilian’s Musae IX feature trombones, including Chorus Musarum, Thaleia, Cleio, and the title page (see below 4 images; public domain). The caption for the 2nd image (Thaleia, Muse of Comic Poetry), which depicts a trombonist reading from music held up by a cherub or putto, says, “If our story is great, or if it is a comedy of life, Our story, even after it has been told does not satisfy God, It does not create the eternal well-being which pleases us; And expressed it does not include the praises of God” (see below image; public domain) (Naylor 96).