Trombone History: Trombone with 16th Century Wind Band

Added color version of Pinturicchio’s fresco (see below) to the 16th Century Trombone History Timeline. The painting provides one of the earliest examples of trombone iconography showing the instrument in a wind band setting (called pifferi in Italy). The color version of the fresco shows the vibrancy of the painting, as well as revealing the three instruments in a little better detail than in the more common black and white reproductions.

Pint detailPintc. 1503—Siena, Italy: Bernardino Pinturicchio includes a depiction of a trombonist in his painting, Coronation of Pius III, a fresco decorating the exterior of the Piccolomini Library in the cathedral of Siena. The trombonist is part of a trio of wind players seen performing at center-right (see facing detail and full image, below; public domain) (Jenkens 159; Cecchi 19). Documents have shown that trombone did, indeed, perform at this particular coronation (see below).

Trombone History: 18th Century Image

Found a really striking painting today by Felice Torelli and posted it in the 18th Century Trombone History Timeline. I have not seen this painting in any of the standard trombone or brass sources. As I note in an earlier post, the 18th century is a little late for depictions of trombonists as angels, but here’s another example. I’m still researching the artist; one source says Felice Torelli is actually the brother of composer Giuseppe Torelli, which would be an interesting bit of information, but Felice’s years (1667-1748) don’t seem quite right. At any rate, the painting definitely shows the trombone prominently, with no other instruments obviously included in the image. As far as the actual rendering, one never knows how literal artists are; as I mention in the caption, the flat stays are to be expected, but the slide appears somewhat long and the grip somewhat unorthodox. The mouthpiece, which at first glance appears to be missing, may be suggested by a small horizontal line approximately where the player’s Adam’s apple would be; a color reproduction would likely clarify.

Update: I found out that Felice Torelli is, in fact, the brother of composer/violinist Giuseppe Torelli. In fact, according to Oxford Art Online, Felice actually pursued music for a time, moving to Bologna with his older brother, Giuseppe (source: Oxford Art Online, “Torelli: (1) Felice Torelli”).

1710—Verona, Italy: Felice Torelli depicts an angel playing trombone in Immacolata Concezione, painted for the church of Sant’Orsola dei Mendicati shortly after the proclamation of the feast day of the Immaculate Conception. The image is noteworthy because no other musical instruments are depicted with the trombone. The artist includes the usual flat stays found on trombones of the time, but the slide appears to be somewhat longer than usual and the player’s grip on the instrument’s back tubing somewhat unorthodox (above; public domain image; Verona, Museo di Castelvecchio) (Chiodini).

Trombone History: Early Jazz Trombonists

Added the following 2 entries to the 19th (2nd half) and 20th century timelines, based on information from Kurt Dietrich’s excellent Jazz ‘Bones: The World of Jazz Trombone:

cornishc. 1895—New Orleans, Louisiana: Trombonist William Cornish joins trumpeter Buddy Bolden’s band as possibly the earliest known jazz trombonist (Bolden himself often being considered the first jazz musician). Jazz pioneer Kid Ory later describes seeing and hearing Cornish perform, usually on valve trombone, at around the turn of the century (Dietrich 15) (see facing photograph of band; public domain; source: wikimedia commons).

1917—New Orleans, Louisiana: Trombonist Eddy Edwards, performing as a member of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, participates in the first commercial recordings of what is advertised as jazz. Edwards is considered by some to be the first jazz trombonist to gain national fame (Dietrich 17).

Big Brass Brain

On October 24th I’ll be premiering a work at the Bowling Green New Music Festival with trombonist Bill Mathis. The piece, by BYU composer Steven Ricks, is called “Force of the Mind,” and is written for 2 trombones and electronics. Yet another element of collaboration in the piece involves a sculpture, shown below, by BYU art professor Brian Christensen. The sculpture (which actually contains parts of a trombone from a studio “trombone toss” of several years ago) will be placed center-stage during the performance. It will contain speakers projecting the electronic sounds, as well as a separate click-track generator that we will plug headphones into, giving the appearance of our being plugged into a big, brass brain. Should be pretty exciting. Just gotta figure out how to get the thing on the plane!

Brian Christensen sculpture

Trombone History: Two 17th Century Images

Below are two new 17th century images, one a painting and the other a print. The painting, shown here only in a detail of one portion of the work, has been attributed to Sebastian Vranckx and Jan Brueghel the Younger (in collaboration) and is titled The Royal Palace at Brussels. It has been dated between 1625 and 1630. A trombone rests on the ground, along with a dulcian, near an ensemble of 2 voices and 3 strings that is informally performing outdoors. Noteworthy features of the trombone include its flat stays and a slide section apparently out of proportion with the bell (Kenyon de Pascual, Two Contributions).

Vranckx

Vranckx and Brueghel, The Royal Palace at Brussels

The second image, an anonymous mannerist print titled Genius of the Arts, dates from approximately the same time, circa 1620 (Moir pl. 44). Below the angel (whose toga is apparently on the move) is a fairly clear representation of a trombone. The trombone is noteworthy for its bell flare, which would appear to be slightly more pronounced than that of other trombones of the time period. The image belongs to an interesting group of allegorical art works from the 17th century (1st half) that feature trombones, including Brueghel’s Allegory of Hearing, Van Kessel’s Allegory of Music, and a Czech wall painting from Rozmberk Castle titled Allegory of Music.

Genius

Anonymous, Genius of the Arts

Notes from the Netherlands and St. Louis

dulcianI received a very kind note from Hans Mons of the Netherlands, whose website on the dulcian, a predecessor of the bassoon, is extremely informative (see, especially, the section on iconography).

US Naval Acad BandI also received a nice note from Jonathan Reycraft, trombonist in the Saint Louis Symphony. He points out an excellent timeline of the US Naval Academy Band. Lots of great photos!

Trombone History: Trombone in Mixed Consort

Added the below image and caption to the 16th Century Timeline. One never knows how literal these depictions are, but the artist groups together an interesting combination of instruments. Another consort performs at a table in the background.

Tempestac. 1585—Italy: An engraving by Antonio Tempesta entitled The Concert features a trombone performing with a mixed consort of strings, winds, and keyboard (see facing image; public domain).

Alto Trombone Update: Slide Position Chart

One of the most frequent alto-related requests I get is for a basic alto trombone slide position chart. I finally posted one on the alto trombone page today. Enjoy!

Barlow Prize Announced: New Concerto to be Premiered by Joseph Alessi

The Barlow Endowment for Music Composition at Brigham Young University has announced Benjamin Ellin as winner of the 2009 Barlow Prize, which includes a $20,000 cash prize and a commission to compose a new concerto for trombone and orchestra. The concerto will be premiered by Joseph Alessi with the BYU Philharmonic Orchestra in 2011.

ellinBritish composer Benjamin Ellin’s recent projects include Tafahum, a concerto for ney and orchestra; a major viola work for Rivka Golani; a harp concerto; and the opera Welcome to Deen. His website can be found here. The official Barlow announcement can be found here.

Trombone History: Trombone in Peruvian Procession

After a lot of searching, I found a much better reproduction of the Peruvian painting shown below (public domain; Wuffarden pl. 14). The trombonist is on the far left in the larger image. In this reproduction you can see the instrument in much better detail (including a red bow tied to the end of the slide). Like the image from my last post, it’s not only interesting because of the date, but because it’s from the New World. The painting belongs to a series of anonymous paintings, The Procession of Corpus Domini, detailing a long procession through the streets of colonial Cuzco, Peru.

It would appear that trombones have been marching in parades throughout most of our history. See also iconography of Italian processions in 1496 and 1556-59; German processions in 1574, 1582, and 1584; an Austrian procession in 1580; a Swiss procession in 1589; a Belgian procession in 1615, a French procession in 1654, and so forth.

Procession color detailProcession color1674-80—Cuzco, Peru: An anonymous painting, Confraternities of Saint Rose and La Linda, depicts a procession that includes a trombonist with several other wind players (see facing detail and image below; public domain) (Baker, Imposing Harmony 38).